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Highlights in Cancer Research: December 2025

December 8, 2025
Highlights in Cancer Research: November 2022

The EACR’s ‘Highlights in Cancer Research’ is a regular summary of the most interesting and impactful recent papers in cancer research, curated by the Board of the European Association for Cancer Research (EACR).

The list below appears in no particular order, and the summary information has been provided by the authors unless otherwise indicated.

Use the dropdown menu or ‘Previous’ and ‘Next’ buttons to navigate the list.


9. TIM3+ breast cancer cells license immune evasion during micrometastasis outbreak

  • 1. Long-Term Latency of Highly Mutated Cells in Normal Mouse Skin Is Reversed by Exposure to Tumor Promoters and Chronic Tissue Damage
  • 2. PPP2R1A mutations portend improved survival after cancer immunotherapy
  • 3. Neutrophils physically interact with tumor cells to form a signaling niche promoting breast cancer aggressiveness
  • 4. Spatial mapping of transcriptomic plasticity in metastatic pancreatic cancer
  • 5. Impaired T cell and neoantigen retention in time-serial analysis of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in patients unresponsive to TIL cell therapy
  • 6. The source of dietary fat influences anti-tumour immunity in obese mice
  • 7. Nerve-to-cancer transfer of mitochondria during cancer metastasis
  • 8. Stromal lipid species dictate melanoma metastasis and tropism
  • 9. TIM3+ breast cancer cells license immune evasion during micrometastasis outbreak
  • 10. IL-17A-secreting γδ T cells promote resistance to CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors in HR+HER2- breast cancer via CX3CR1+ macrophages
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Rozalén, C. et al. Cancer Cell. 43(8): P1549-1567.E9. (2025).
doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2025.06.015.

Summary of the findings

During metastasis, the interactions between the immune system and tumor cells in the micrometastatic stage remain poorly understood. Identifying vulnerabilities in these early lesions before they progress into macrometastases could open new therapeutic avenues for metastasis prevention. In this study, we describe a key role of the protein TIM3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3) in tumor cells during micrometastasis, using breast cancer (BC) metastasis mouse models.

.
We found that TIM3 peaks expression in micrometastases, promoting tumor cell survival, stemness, and immune evasion during this subclinical stage. TIM3+ tumor cells are specifically selected during the early metastatic seeding phase. Mechanistically, TIM3 activates the β-catenin, which drives stem-like properties and facilitates immune escape by inducing immunosuppressive IL17γδ T cells and reducing CD8+ T cell activation during micrometastasis. Preclinical (neo)adjuvant TIM3 blockade reduces metastatic
seeding and metastatic incidence.
.
Clinical data support an increase in TIM3+ tumor cells in BC metastases and TIM3 positivity in primary tumors is a biomarker of high risk of relapse and metastasis, associated with poor prognosis. Overall, these findings reveal a specific immune evasion mechanism in micrometastases and support the potential use of TIM3 as biomarker and TIM3 blockade therapy as a strategy to treat subclinical metastasis.
.
.

Future impact

We emphasize that micrometastasis is a critical stage largely unexplored. TIM-3 emerges as a specific therapeutic target to intervene high-risk TIM3+ patients before clinical metastasis develops. This study offers a promising approach to advance personalized medicine strategies for metastatic breast cancer. Hence, these findings need to be validated in clinical trials.

..
Read more in Cancer Cell
.

9. TIM3+ breast cancer cells license immune evasion during micrometastasis outbreak

  • 1. Long-Term Latency of Highly Mutated Cells in Normal Mouse Skin Is Reversed by Exposure to Tumor Promoters and Chronic Tissue Damage
  • 2. PPP2R1A mutations portend improved survival after cancer immunotherapy
  • 3. Neutrophils physically interact with tumor cells to form a signaling niche promoting breast cancer aggressiveness
  • 4. Spatial mapping of transcriptomic plasticity in metastatic pancreatic cancer
  • 5. Impaired T cell and neoantigen retention in time-serial analysis of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in patients unresponsive to TIL cell therapy
  • 6. The source of dietary fat influences anti-tumour immunity in obese mice
  • 7. Nerve-to-cancer transfer of mitochondria during cancer metastasis
  • 8. Stromal lipid species dictate melanoma metastasis and tropism
  • 9. TIM3+ breast cancer cells license immune evasion during micrometastasis outbreak
  • 10. IL-17A-secreting γδ T cells promote resistance to CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors in HR+HER2- breast cancer via CX3CR1+ macrophages
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Tags: EACR Top Ten Cancer Research PublicationsHighlights in Cancer Research

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